Planning to buy an electric car, scooter, or commercial EV in Madhya Pradesh? Don’t place your booking until you understand the latest subsidy rules. The EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh 2026 has changed significantly, and many buyers may wrongly assume that cash incentives and full road tax exemptions are still available.
While benefits for private EVs have reduced, selected commercial vehicles, electric ambulances, trucks, and charging-station operators can still access valuable incentives. This guide reveals who qualifies, how much you could save, which benefits have expired, and how to avoid misleading dealer claims before purchasing or registering your next electric vehicle in MP.
Is EV subsidy available in Madhya Pradesh in 2026?
Madhya Pradesh does not currently offer a direct state cash purchase subsidy for a new private electric car, scooter, or motorcycle. The main state-level consumer incentive under the Madhya Pradesh Electric Vehicle Policy 2025 was a temporary 100% exemption from motor vehicle tax and registration fees.
For electric two-wheelers, eligible electric three-wheelers, electric cars priced up to ₹20 lakh ex-factory, and electric light commercial vehicles, that first-year exemption window ended on March 26, 2026.
However, the EV Subsidy in the Madhya Pradesh 2026 story does not end there. Eligible electric buses, trucks, tractors, and ambulances remain covered by a longer, second-year state tax-exemption period. Charging-station operators can also claim capital subsidies, while qualifying vehicle categories may receive support under the Central Government’s PM E-DRIVE programme.
That distinction is vital. Buyers should not confuse:
- A state cash subsidy
- A Central Government demand incentive
- A road tax exemption
- A registration-fee concession
- A charging-infrastructure capital subsidy
Each is governed by different eligibility rules and timelines.
Quick answer: Private EV buyers registering a car or two-wheeler in Madhya Pradesh after March 26, 2026, should not assume that a state cash subsidy or the earlier 100% state tax waiver is available. Always obtain a written on-road price quotation from the dealer and verify it with the registering RTO.
EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh 2026 at a glance
| EV category | Direct MP cash subsidy for a new vehicle | State tax and registration incentive | Position during 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electric scooter or motorcycle | No | 100% exemption during first policy year | The initial window ended March 26, 2026. |
| Eligible electric three-wheeler | No state purchase grant | 100% exemption during first policy year | The initial window ended March 26, 2026. |
| Electric car up to ₹20 lakh ex-factory | No | 100% exemption during first policy year | The initial window ended March 26, 2026. |
| Electric car above ₹20 lakh | No | Not covered by the policy’s e-car exemption | No state purchase benefit under this provision |
| Electric LCV or cargo vehicle | No direct purchase grant | 100% exemption during first policy year | The initial window ended March 26, 2026. |
| Electric bus | No general private-purchase grant | 100% tax and registration exemption through second policy year; permit-fee relief | Potentially available within the eligible period |
| Electric truck | Central support may apply to eligible models. | 100% state tax and registration exemption through second policy year | Potentially available within the eligible period |
| Electric tractor | No direct state purchase grant specified | 100% state tax and registration exemption through second policy year | Potentially available within the eligible period |
| Electric ambulance | Central support may apply. | 100% state tax and registration exemption through second policy year | Potentially available within the eligible period |
| Certified EV retrofit | ₹5,000–₹25,000 depending on category | First-year-only retrofit incentives | The initial incentive window has ended. |
| Public charging station | Not a vehicle subsidy | 30% equipment subsidy subject to category caps | First-come, first-served |
| Battery-swapping station | Not a vehicle subsidy | 30% of eligible fixed capital investment, capped at ₹5 lakh | First 300 stations |
Important: The policy was notified on March 27, 2025. Therefore, a benefit available “till the first year of policy implementation” ran through March 26, 2026. The policy itself remains valid for five years unless replaced, but every incentive does not remain available for all five years.
What is the Madhya Pradesh Electric Vehicle Policy 2025?
The Madhya Pradesh Electric Vehicle Policy 2025 is the state’s five-year framework for accelerating electric mobility, charging infrastructure, battery reuse, manufacturing, skill development, and cleaner public transport.
Although consumers frequently search for “MP-EV Policy 2026,” the governing document is officially titled the Madhya Pradesh Electric Vehicle Policy 2025. Its provisions continue to shape the state’s EV market in 2026.
The policy identifies Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, and Ujjain as EV model cities. It also encourages:
- Wider EV adoption across personal and commercial transport
- Accessible public charging and battery swapping
- Electrification of government fleets
- Electric bus deployment
- Electric truck and tractor pilots
- Certified conversion of eligible combustion vehicles
- EV and component manufacturing
- Battery reuse, refurbishment, and recycling
- EV training through engineering colleges, polytechnics, and ITIs
The bigger shift is strategic. Madhya Pradesh is moving from short-term consumer tax relief towards a broader ecosystem approach built around infrastructure, fleets, industry, and employment.
Madhya Pradesh electric vehicle policy timeline
| Period | Development | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | A draft and foundational EV-policy framework emerged. | Introduced early adoption, public transport, and charging proposals |
| February 2025 | Updated policy unveiled before the Global Investors Summit | Signalled a stronger manufacturing and infrastructure push |
| March 27, 2025 | Madhya Pradesh EV Policy 2025 notified | Started the formal incentive timelines |
| March 26, 2026 | First policy year completed | Initial tax relief for e-2Ws, e-3Ws, eligible e-cars, and e-LCVs ended. |
| FY 2025–26 | 88,209 EVs in MP received PM E-DRIVE support. | Demonstrated strong two- and three-wheeler adoption |
| 2026–27 | Second-year provisions continue for selected categories. | Important for buses, trucks, tractors, and ambulances |
| Up to 2030 | Policy-led adoption, charging, and fleet targets continue. | Focus moves towards long-term ecosystem development. |
Government data reported for FY 2025–26 shows that 94,277 EVs were deployed in Madhya Pradesh under PM E-DRIVE, with 88,209 receiving incentives. These comprised 81,840 electric two-wheelers and 6,369 electric three-wheelers. Indore led the districts with 12,840 incentivized EVs. IBEF’s summary of the PIB data also notes that no electric buses were allocated to MP under the scheme during that period.
What is the difference between the old EV policy and the 2026 position?
The difference between the older framework and the EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh in 2026 is primarily about timing and priorities.
| Area | Earlier framework | Position in 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Private EV purchase support | Early proposals discussed adoption incentives. | No general direct state cash purchase subsidy |
| Road tax relief | Early batches received or were proposed to receive concessions | First-year exemption has ended for most private EV categories. |
| Commercial heavy EVs | Limited early focus | Trucks, tractors, buses, and ambulances receive longer regulatory relief. |
| Charging subsidy | The earlier draft proposed 25% support with lower station limits. | Final policy provides 30% support with higher caps and quotas. |
| Retrofitting | Included conceptually | Category-specific first-year cash support was introduced, but the window has ended. |
| Manufacturing | General investment support | Linked more closely to the MP Industrial Promotion Policy 2025 |
| Battery lifecycle | Less developed | Greater focus on reuse, refurbishment, recycling, and urban mining |
| Digital administration | Fragmented processes | MP EV Tarang provides a central policy and infrastructure interface. |
One common error is quoting the 2019 draft’s 25% charging subsidy as the current rate. The notified 2025 framework increased it to 30%, subject to prescribed caps and station limits.
EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh for electric cars
Private electric-car buyers do not receive a flat state cash incentive in 2026.
Under the 2025 policy, an electric car with an ex-factory price of up to ₹20 lakh was eligible for a 100% motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption during the first policy year. That period ended on March 26, 2026.
The vehicle also needed to:
- Be a battery-electric or qualifying fuel-cell electric vehicle
- Use an approved advanced battery
- Be approved by ARAI, ICAT, or another authorized MoRTH agency
- Fall within the applicable vehicle classification
- Have an ex-factory price no higher than ₹20 lakh
Hybrid cars were specifically excluded. A strong-hybrid or plug-in hybrid should therefore not be treated as eligible merely because it can drive using electric power.
RTO on EV cars in MP in 2026
An electric car registered after March 26, 2026, should not automatically be quoted with the former 100% state road tax exemption. The tax must be calculated under the motor-vehicle-tax schedule applicable on the vehicle’s actual registration date.
Buyers should also distinguish state motor vehicle tax from administrative items such as
- Hypothecation endorsement
- High Security Registration Plate charges
- FASTag
- Insurance
- Temporary registration, where applicable
- Dealer handling or logistics charges
Ask the dealer for an itemized quotation rather than accepting one combined “RTO” number.
EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh for electric scooters and bikes
The state’s first-year benefit for eligible electric two-wheelers was a complete motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption—not a cash subsidy paid into the buyer’s bank account.
That state window has now ended.
Central demand support helped accelerate adoption during FY 2025–26. However, PM E-DRIVE rules, category targets, deadlines, and available funds can change. Buyers should confirm whether the exact scooter or motorcycle is eligible on the date of invoice.
A low-speed electric scooter that does not require registration should not be advertised as receiving an “RTO subsidy.” Its low on-road cost may simply result from its regulatory classification.
What should an electric two-wheeler buyer verify?
- Model eligibility under the relevant Central scheme
- Battery type and warranty
- Ex-showroom price after any OEM-adjusted incentive
- State motor vehicle tax in the written quotation
- Real-world range, not only certified range
- Home-charging installation cost
- Service support in the buyer’s district
- Battery replacement and extended-warranty terms
For daily travel in Indore, Bhopal, or Gwalior, a reliable home-charging setup may create more ownership value than waiting for a future subsidy announcement.
Incentives for electric commercial vehicles and cargo EVs
Madhya Pradesh’s policy recognizes the importance of electrifying urban logistics and rural supply chains.
A) Electric light commercial vehicles
Electric LCVs—generally N1 goods carriers with gross vehicle weight up to 3,500 kg—received a 100% state motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption during the first policy year. This window has ended.
There is no separate state cash purchase subsidy specified for new e-LCVs under the policy.
B) Electric cargo three-wheelers
Eligible L5-N electric three-wheelers were covered by first-year regulatory relief. Central assistance may have applied to qualifying models, but central-category targets and fund availability must be checked at purchase.
C) Electric trucks
Electric trucks are given longer state support: 100% motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption through the second policy year.
PM E-DRIVE also supports eligible electric trucks. Current Central provisions cite an incentive of ₹5,000 per kWh, subject to a percentage-of-price ceiling and GVW-based maximum limits. The Government’s PM E-DRIVE update should be checked because model eligibility and available funds matter.
Fleet operators should base an electric-truck decision on total cost of ownership rather than subsidy alone. Route length, daily utilization, charging downtime, payload impact, and depot power availability will determine whether the business case works.
EV subsidy for electric ambulances, buses, and tractors
A) Electric ambulances
Electric ambulances qualify for:
- 100% MP motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption through the second policy year
- Potential PM E-DRIVE demand support for eligible vehicles
Central support for an eligible e-ambulance may reach ₹30,000 per kWh, capped at 35% of ex-factory price, subject to applicable scheme rules and funding.
Hospitals must also examine charging redundancy. An ambulance cannot rely on a single charger without backup planning.
B) Electric buses
Eligible government and non-government electric buses receive:
- 100% motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption through the second policy year
- Permit-fee exemption for vehicles sold within the policy period
- Priority-related operating provisions under the policy
However, no PM E-DRIVE electric buses were allocated to Madhya Pradesh during FY 2025–26, according to the reported Central data. A policy provision should therefore not be confused with an actual procurement allocation.
C) Electric tractors
Electric tractors are also covered by the second-year tax and registration exemption. Before purchasing one, buyers should evaluate:
- Continuous-load performance
- Implement compatibility
- Field charging access
- Battery thermal management
- Service coverage
- Seasonal utilization
- Whether the advertised range reflects actual agricultural duty cycles
How do charging-station incentives work in MP?
Charging infrastructure is one of the strongest parts of the Madhya Pradesh electric vehicle policy.
| Charging facility | Eligible support | Maximum subsidy | Quantity limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Small public charging station | 30% of charger equipment or machinery value | ₹1.5 lakh | First 500 stations |
| Medium public charging station | 30% of charger equipment or machinery value | ₹3 lakh | First 300 stations |
| Large public charging station | 30% of charger equipment or machinery value | ₹10 lakh | First 200 stations |
| Battery-swapping station | 30% of eligible fixed capital investment | ₹5 lakh | First 300 stations |
These incentives are offered on a first-come, first-served basis through the MP EV Tarang policy portal.
Public charging is a de-licensed activity, meaning a private entity may establish a station if it complies with electricity, safety, accessibility, and technical requirements.
Operators must typically:
- Establish the eligible charging or swapping facility.
- Obtain the appropriate electricity connection.
- Upload station details to EV Tarang.
- Provide equipment invoices and proof of commissioning.
- Submit electrical safety certification.
- Upload site photographs and prescribed documents.
- Obtain PESO certification where applicable, particularly near fuel outlets.
- Pass document review and physical verification.
- Maintain the required station uptime.
- Receive approved assistance in the registered bank account.
The guidelines say station details should be uploaded within 15 days of receiving the relevant electricity connection.
Charging-subsidy example
If eligible charger equipment at a medium station costs ₹12 lakh:
- 30% of ₹12 lakh = ₹3.6 lakh
- Maximum medium-station subsidy = ₹3 lakh
- Indicative eligible state assistance = ₹3 lakh
Land, civil construction, transformers, security deposit, and other expenses should not automatically be included in the eligible charger-equipment value. Operators must follow the notified cost definition.
How to apply for EV subsidy in MP
There is no universal online form through which every private buyer can claim a cash amount.
For a new private electric vehicle
The normal process is
- Select an eligible, type-approved EV.
- Ask the dealer whether any live Central incentive is already reflected in the ex-showroom price.
- Obtain an itemized on-road quotation.
- Verify the state motor vehicle tax based on the registration date.
- Complete registration through the dealer or the registering RTO.
- Preserve the invoice, Form 21, insurance, payment receipt, and registration documents.
Because the first-year MP tax waiver has expired for private two-wheelers and eligible cars, an individual buyer should not upload documents expecting an automatic state reimbursement unless a new notification is issued.
For charging operators
CPOs and battery-swapping operators should apply through the MP EV Tarang portal. Assistance is subject to category limits, compliance verification, and fund availability.
For fleets and institutional buyers
Fleet owners should obtain written confirmation from:
- The vehicle dealer
- The jurisdictional RTO
- MP EV Tarang or the designated nodal authority
- The relevant Central scheme portal, where applicable
A dealership’s verbal promise is not a substitute for scheme eligibility.
EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh calculator
There is no single official calculator that can determine every buyer’s final benefit. A useful estimate can be prepared with this formula:
Estimated on-road EV cost = Ex-showroom price + applicable motor vehicle tax + insurance + registration-related charges + accessories + financing charges − confirmed incentives
Illustrative electric-car comparison
| Cost component | During eligible first-year waiver | After waiver expiry |
|---|---|---|
| Ex-showroom price | ₹18,00,000 | ₹18,00,000 |
| State motor vehicle tax | ₹0 under eligible exemption | As per the current RTO schedule |
| Insurance | Payable | Payable |
| HSRP and administrative items | As applicable | As applicable |
| Direct MP cash purchase subsidy | ₹0 | ₹0 |
| Final on-road price | Dealer-specific | Dealer and RTO-specific |
Do not use a generic percentage from an online article to calculate current RTO charges. Rates can depend on vehicle class, price, use, and the rules in force on the registration date.
Manufacturing capital subsidies in Madhya Pradesh
The EV Policy 2025 states that incentives for EV manufacturing and the wider EV ecosystem will align with the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Promotion Policy 2025.
Potential areas of support under the industrial framework can include:
- Investment-linked assistance
- Development-charge concessions
- Land-related support
- Stamp-duty assistance
- Electricity-related incentives
- Employment-linked benefits
- Research and development support
- Patent and quality-certification assistance
However, it is misleading to state that every EV manufacturer automatically receives a fixed 25% subsidy or a ₹20 crore grant. The final package depends on the investment category, eligible fixed capital investment, location, project size, and applicable industrial scheme provisions.
EV manufacturers should obtain an eligibility assessment from the state investment-promotion authority before including any incentive in a project’s financial model.
The EV policy separately provides a one-time grant of up to ₹2 crore towards testing and research equipment for an eligible Centre of Excellence established with academic and industry collaboration.
Ownership and charging costs in Madhya Pradesh
An EV can still be financially attractive without a purchase subsidy.
Illustrative energy-cost comparison
Assume an electric car consumes 15 kWh per 100 km and home electricity effectively costs ₹8 per kWh.
| Vehicle | Energy use | Approximate cost per 100 km |
|---|---|---|
| Electric car charged at home | 15 kWh | ₹120 |
| Electric car using public DC charging at ₹18/kWh | 15 kWh | ₹270 |
| Petrol car at 15 km/l and ₹105/liter | 6.67 liters | About ₹700 |
The exact saving will vary, but home charging can materially reduce running costs. A buyer driving 1,200 km per month may save several thousand rupees compared with a similarly sized petrol car.
Practical charging advice
- Install a dedicated, properly earthed circuit.
- Avoid regular charging from loose domestic sockets.
- Confirm sanctioned electrical load before installing a 7.2 kW charger.
- Use scheduled charging where time-of-day tariffs are available.
- Keep the battery between roughly 20% and 80% for routine use when practical.
- Charge to 100% when the journey requires it—not necessarily every night.
- Prefer covered parking in the extreme summer heat.
- Check fast-charging coverage before travelling between smaller towns.
For rural users, charger reliability and service reach may matter more than headline battery range.
Benefits of Madhya Pradesh’s EV framework
The policy can deliver benefits beyond reducing the showroom price:
- Lower urban air and noise pollution
- Reduced petroleum dependence
- Cheaper fleet operating costs
- Charging investment in major cities and highways
- Cleaner buses and freight vehicles
- Skilled employment in manufacturing and servicing
- Battery reuse and responsible recycling
- Better accessibility for EV users
- New investment opportunities for charging operators and MSMEs
The policy’s battery-lifecycle approach is particularly important. It encourages second-life use where batteries remain safe and suitable, followed by formal recycling under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022.
Challenges that could slow EV adoption
a) Expired private-buyer tax relief
Removing the first-year exemption increases the on-road price gap between an EV purchased before and after March 26, 2026.
b) Confusing scheme communication
Dealers and online portals sometimes describe road-tax relief as a “cash subsidy.” This creates unrealistic expectations.
c) Uneven charging access
Indore and Bhopal may develop charging faster than smaller towns and rural corridors.
d) Upfront infrastructure cost
Apartment residents can face approval, load, and cabling challenges even when they are ready to buy an EV.
e) Commercial finance
Cargo and fleet operators may face higher interest rates or uncertain residual-value assumptions.
f) Charger uptime
Station numbers alone do not solve range anxiety. Working chargers, digital payments, transparent tariffs, and reliable maintenance are more important.
Common mistakes buyers should avoid
- Assuming every EV automatically gets a subsidy
- Confusing PM E-DRIVE support with an MP state incentive
- Treating hybrids as eligible electric vehicles
- Using the invoice date instead of the registration date to assess tax eligibility
- Believing the EV policy’s five-year validity means every incentive lasts five years
- Ignoring the ₹20 lakh ex-factory ceiling that applied to electric cars
- Paying a booking amount before checking an itemized on-road price
- Choosing a vehicle only for its certified range
- Ignoring battery warranty exclusions
- Depending on one public charger for daily mobility
- Claiming a charging subsidy before checking whether the category quota remains available
Expert Insight from Electric Vehicle Talks
The most important lesson from the EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh 2026 is that MP has shifted from broad early-stage tax relief towards targeted ecosystem development.
For a private buyer, this means the EV purchase decision should now stand on three pillars: actual on-road price, daily running-cost savings, and charging convenience. If an EV only appears affordable after including an unverified subsidy, the financial calculation is too fragile.
Commercial users have a different opportunity. Electric trucks, ambulances, and buses can benefit from stronger policy support, but their success depends on utilization. A delivery van travelling 120 km every day can recover its higher upfront cost much faster than a privately owned car driven only on weekends.
Charging operators may find the 30% capital subsidy attractive, particularly in fast-growing urban areas. Yet the best location is not always the busiest road. Hospitals, logistics hubs, markets, housing clusters, and intercity stopping points may deliver steadier utilization.
Readers can follow verified policy updates, EV ownership analysis, and practical buying guides through Electric Vehicle Talks.
People Also Ask
1. Is there a subsidy for electric cars in Madhya Pradesh in 2026?
There is no general direct MP cash purchase subsidy for a new private electric car. The 100% state motor vehicle tax and registration-fee exemption for eligible cars up to ₹20 lakh ex-factory was limited to the first policy year and ended on March 26, 2026.
2. Is road tax free for electric vehicles in Madhya Pradesh?
Not for every EV registered throughout 2026. The initial exemption has ended for e-two-wheelers, eligible e-three-wheelers, e-cars, and e-LCVs. Eligible e-buses, e-trucks, e-tractors, and e-ambulances have a second-year exemption provision.
3. How can I apply for an electric vehicle subsidy in MP?
Private buyers usually receive any valid benefit through the vehicle-pricing or registration process rather than through a separate personal application. Charging and swapping operators can apply for infrastructure incentives through MP EV Tarang.
4. Does MP offer a subsidy for electric scooters?
MP does not currently provide a general cash subsidy on the purchase of a new private electric scooter. The first-year state tax and registration exemption ended on March 26, 2026. Live Central eligibility must be confirmed separately.
5. What is the subsidy for an EV charging station in MP?
Eligible small, medium, and large public charging stations can receive 30% of the charger equipment value, capped at ₹1.5 lakh, ₹3 lakh, and ₹10 lakh, respectively. Quantity limits and first-come, first-served rules apply.
6. Can an individual set up a public EV charging station in Madhya Pradesh?
Yes. Public EV charging is a de-licensed activity, but the operator must comply with electricity, safety, technical, accessibility, and local land-use requirements.
7. Are hybrid cars eligible under the MP EV Policy?
No. The vehicle incentives in the policy expressly exclude hybrid vehicles. The relevant provisions apply to qualifying battery-electric and fuel-cell electric vehicles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the official name of MP-EV Policy 2026?
The official document is the Madhya Pradesh Electric Vehicle Policy 2025. People call it the MP EV Policy 2026 because its implementation and benefits continue to affect the market in 2026.
Does the ₹20 lakh limit refer to the ex-showroom or on-road price?
The notified policy uses an ex-factory cost of up to ₹20 lakh for the first-year electric-car tax exemption. Buyers should not substitute the on-road price for this criterion.
Can I claim the expired road-tax exemption retrospectively?
Generally, eligibility depends on the vehicle being registered within the prescribed period. A later purchase or registration does not normally qualify retrospectively unless the government issues a specific clarification.
Is there an EV subsidy for retrofitting an old vehicle?
The policy provided first-year incentives of ₹5,000 for an e-2W retrofit, ₹10,000 for an e-3W retrofit, and ₹25,000 for an e-4W retrofit using approved technology. That initial incentive period has ended.
Does MP provide a battery-swapping subsidy?
Yes. Eligible service providers can receive 30% of eligible fixed capital investment, capped at ₹5 lakh, for the first 300 battery-swapping stations.
Are charging subsidies paid before installation?
The operational process involves commissioning, document submission, safety compliance, and physical verification. Approved support is then transferred to the operator’s registered bank account.
Can an EV charging operator claim both state and Central support?
The MP policy describes its charging assistance as being over and above PM E-DRIVE provisions. However, operators must check whether the same cost component can be funded twice and comply with both schemes’ anti-duplication conditions.
Final Verdict
The EV Subsidy in Madhya Pradesh 2026 is often misunderstood as a statewide cash discount. In reality, the current framework is more selective.
The first-year road tax and registration relief for private electric cars, scooters, motorcycles, and light commercial vehicles ended on March 26, 2026. Commercial categories such as electric trucks, buses, tractors, and ambulances have a longer exemption window, while public charging and battery-swapping projects remain eligible for meaningful capital support.
For buyers, the right approach is simple: demand an itemized quotation, verify the vehicle and registration date, confirm Central eligibility, and purchase only when the ownership economics work without an uncertain incentive.
For more verified EV policy explainers, charging resources, and India-focused buying advice, explore the latest expert coverage on Electric Vehicle Talks.
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