India is preparing to transform its electric mobility ecosystem with a new digital identity system for batteries. Under proposed government guidelines, EV batteries will get an Aadhaar-like number for tracking, ensuring transparency, safety, and sustainability across their entire lifecycle.
What Is Battery Pack Aadhaar Number (BPAN)?
In January 2026, the Indian government released draft guidelines for the Battery Pack Aadhaar Number (BPAN). This initiative introduces a unique identification system for electric vehicle batteries, similar in concept to Aadhaar for individuals. Each battery pack will be assigned a 21-character alphanumeric code along with a machine-readable QR code, creating a digital identity that follows the battery from manufacturing to disposal.
Initially, the system will apply to EV batteries. In later phases, it will expand to industrial batteries with a capacity greater than 2kWh, while excluding portable and SLI (Starting, Lighting, and Ignition) batteries.
How does the BPAN System Work?
The BPAN framework functions like a “battery passport,” enabling end-to-end tracking. It captures and manages data in two distinct categories to balance transparency and privacy.
Static Data (Public Information)
This includes manufacturer details, battery specifications, material composition, and carbon footprint parameters. Static data remains unchanged unless physical components are replaced or major operational parameters are modified.
Dynamic Data (Restricted Access)
Dynamic data is stored and updated on a central server. It covers real-time performance indicators such as state of health, charge-discharge cycles, thermal events, and end-of-life status. Access is limited to authorized stakeholders like manufacturers, producers, and recyclers.
Why EV Batteries to Get Aadhaar-Like Number for Tracking Matters?
The move addresses multiple challenges in India’s rapidly growing EV market:
- Safety and Authenticity: Helps prevent counterfeit batteries and ensures consumers receive genuine replacements.
- Efficient Recycling: Recyclers can easily identify battery chemistry and usage history, improving recovery and disposal processes.
- Regulatory Compliance: Supports government initiatives such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cells by verifying domestic origin.
- Circular Economy: Builds trust in resale markets by offering a verified record of remaining battery life.
With lithium-ion batteries dominating Indian EVs, EV batteries to get an Aadhaar-like number for tracking becomes critical for managing origin, usage, and end-of-life responsibly.
Industry Backing and Global Alignment
The framework has been developed through collaboration between NITI Aayog, the Department of Science and Technology, and industry partners. Platforms such as blockchain-based solutions have been demonstrated as possible technical backbones. Industry leaders have called it a pivotal shift that mirrors global best practices in battery traceability.
A Step Toward Sustainable Transport
By improving reliability, recycling efficiency, and production tracking, EV batteries with an Aadhaar-like number for tracking are expected to simplify sustainable transport in India. As EV batteries become integral to daily life, this unique ID system could redefine how the country manages its clean energy future.
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